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Her Majesty's Treasury (HM Treasury), sometimes referred to as the Exchequer, or more informally the Treasury, is the United Kingdom government department responsible for developing and executing the British government's public finance policy and economic policy. The Treasury maintains OSCAR, the replacement for COINS (Combined Online Information System), which contains a detailed analysis of departmental spending under thousands of category headings.〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/opensecrets/2009/09/how_big_is_the_coins_database.html〕 and from which the Whole of Government Accounts are now produced. == History == The beginnings of the Treasury of England have been traced by some to an individual known as Henry the Treasurer, a servant to King William the Conqueror.〔C. Warren Hollister - (The Origins of the English Treasury ) The English Historical Review Vol. 93, No. 367 (Apr., 1978) Retrieved 2012-06-25〕〔(Open Domesday ) Retrieved 2012-06-25〕〔HM Treasury:History〕 This claim is based on an entry in the Domesday Book showing the individual Henry "the treasurer" as a landowner in Winchester, the place where the royal treasure was stored.〔D C Douglas - (William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England ) University of California Press, 1 May 1967 ISBN 0520003500 Retrieved 2012-06-25〕 The Treasury of the United Kingdom thus traces its origins to the Treasury of the Kingdom of England, which had come into existence by 1126, in the reign of Henry I. The Treasury emerged from the Royal Household, and served as the location where the king kept his treasures. The head of the Treasury was called the Lord Treasurer. Starting in Tudor times, the Lord Treasurer became one of the chief officers of state, and competed with the Lord Chancellor for the principal place. In 1667, Charles II of England was responsible for appointing George Downing, the builder of Downing Street, to radically reform the Treasury and the collection of taxes. The Treasury was first put in commission (placed under the control of several people instead of only one) in May or June 1660.〔W Lowndes and D M Gill - (The Treasury, 1660-1714 ) Vol. 46, No. 184 (Oct., 1931) Retrieved 2012-06-25〕 The first commissioners were the Duke of Albermarle, Lord Ashley, (Sir) W. Coventry, (Sir) J. Duncomb, and (Sir) T. Clifford.〔Samuel Pepys (R Latham) - (The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S. From 1659 to 1669 with Memoir ), Echo Library, 30 May 2006 ISBN 1847028926 ''sourced'' - 〕〔Secondary - () from Cambridge Dictionaries〕 After 1714, the Treasury was always in commission. The commissioners were referred to as the Lords of the Treasury and were given a number based on their seniority. Eventually the First Lord of the Treasury came to be seen as the natural head of government, and from Robert Walpole on, the holder of the office began to be known, unofficially, as the Prime Minister. Until 1827, the First Lord of the Treasury, when a commoner, also held the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer, while if the First Lord was a peer, the Second Lord usually served as Chancellor. Since 1827, however, the Chancellor of the Exchequer has always been Second Lord of the Treasury. During the time when the Treasury was under commission, the junior Lords were each paid sixteen hundred pounds a year.〔(Baron) T B Macaulay - (History of England, Volume 1 ) CUP Archive, 18 Jan 2012 Retrieved 2012-06-25〕 The first word in the department's name is changed depending upon who is the reigning monarch. If the monarch is male, the department is His Majesty's Treasury. If the monarch is female, as is currently the case under Queen Elizabeth II, the department is Her Majesty's Treasury. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HM Treasury」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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